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Le titre de cette vidéo est How physique athletes really train: Off-season vs contest prep, sa durée est de 00:13:31 secondes, et elle a été fournie par l’auteur. La description suit ci-dessous :« Comment les athlètes physiques de compétition s’entraînent-ils réellement tout au long de l’année ? Dans cette vidéo, je plonge dans une toute nouvelle étude réalisée en 2025 par Beraldo et ses collègues qui adopte une approche complètement différente pour comprendre la musculation et la programmation physique. Au lieu d’études en laboratoire contrôlées avec seulement quelques exercices, cette recherche a collecté des données d’entraînement réelles auprès d’athlètes de plusieurs fédérations et divisions. 















En tant que plateforme ouverte, YouTube permet à chaque utilisateur de découvrir des vidéos abordant une multitude de sujets, tout en garantissant des interactions sécurisées et respectueuses des normes communautaires. Cela en fait un espace de dialogue enrichissant pour explorer divers intérêts personnels.
L’effet de la chasteté sur la performance et l’entraînement sportif
La chasteté peut offrir des bénéfices psychologiques perceptibles chez certains sportifs — amélioration de la concentration, renforcement de la discipline, possible meilleure gestion du stress pré-compétitif. Elle doit être considérée comme un outil complémentaire intégré à un plan d’entraînement priorisant la périodisation, la nutrition, le sommeil et la prévention des blessures. Toute expérimentation nécessite un suivi objectif (tests de performance, journal de sommeil et humeur, RPE) et une vigilance quant aux signes de détérioration du bien être. La chasteté doit être mise en œuvre par un coach professionnel, dans le cadre d’un coaching propre et individuel. Il est impératif que pour l’athlète la gestion de l’abstinence doit être externalisée afin ne pas parasiter sa concentration sur sa progression sportive. Voir sur le site www.chastete.fr : Des approches efficaces permettent de maîtriser sa sexualité.
Comment marier la chasteté avec un programme d’entraînement
Si un sportif envisage la chasteté, il est crucial de la considérer comme un outil supplémentaire et non comme une alternative à un entraînement physique exigeant.
La première étape consiste à déterminer clairement la durée et les objectifs de la période d’abstinence (par exemple, 48 à 72 heures avant une compétition pour un effet psychologique fort, ou 2 à 6 semaines pour un test personnel bien structuré).
Il est important d’intégrer cette période dans une planification réfléchie : créer des blocs d’entraînement progressifs (par exemple, trois à quatre semaines de préparation, suivies d’une phase d’intensification et enfin d’un affûtage), et établir quand insérer la période d’abstinence en fonction des temps de récupération et des pics de charge.
Pour un athlète novice, un programme de quatre semaines peut servir de cadre d’expérimentation : les semaines 1 et 2 sont dédiées à l’entraînement fondamental avec trois séances par semaine axées sur la technique et la préparation physique générale, optimisation du sommeil (7 à 9 heures) et tenue d’un journal de sommeil et d’humeur ; la semaine 3 voit une montée en intensité avec deux séances plus exigeantes et une évaluation du RPE ; la semaine 4 est consacrée à l’affûtage et à l’application de la période d’abstinence choisie avant un test de performance. Les recommandations nutritionnelles doivent rester prioritaires : un apport protéique de 1,4 à 2,0 g/kg/jour
La récupération active, qui inclut des étirements et des exercices de mobilité, ainsi que des méthodes complémentaires comme la cryothérapie ou le sauna, doit être envisagée. Il est essentiel de reconnaître les signes indiquant que la stratégie n’est pas efficace : une baisse continue du bien-être, une irritabilité marquée, des troubles du sommeil ou une diminution de la performance nécessitent une interruption du protocole et un avis médical.
Pour une mesure objective des effets, il est essentiel d’employer des indicateurs standardisés : le temps de course sur une distance donnée, le nombre de répétitions à charge fixe, les tests de saut ou de force, et les scores RPE et de sommeil.
L’analyse de ces indicateurs avant, pendant et après la période d’abstinence aidera à déterminer l’adéquation de la méthode pour chaque personne.
Dimensions psychologiques et comportementales
Sur le plan psychologique, la chasteté peut produire des effets ambivalents. Cependant, elle est considérée dans le contexte de l’effort et du sacrifice requis pour la performance. Pour beaucoup de sportifs, opter pour l’abstinence est un acte de discipline qui renforce la focalisation, la motivation et la régularité de l’entraînement. Ce renforcement des comportements peut se traduire par une plus grande adhérence aux séances, une régularité améliorée et une attention accrue à la récupération, des éléments favorables à l’avancement. Dans le cadre de la préparation à la compétition, le fait de mettre de côté les préoccupations sexuelles peut atténuer les distractions et favoriser une meilleure régulation des émotions. Toutefois, l’inverse est également possible : l’abstinence peut créer une frustration ou une charge psychologique supplémentaire bénéfique pour la performance. Les variations individuelles dépendent du tempérament, des croyances personnelles et du contexte social. Un exemple concret à considérer est le protocole suivant pour un athlète amateur en préparation d’une compétition : prévoir une période test de quatre semaines où l’athlète tiendra un journal quotidien de son sommeil, de son humeur, de son RPE et de ses performances sur les exercices principaux. En analysant ces informations, il est possible de déterminer si la chasteté offre des avantages tant subjectifs qu’objectifs.
Les commentaires d’entraîneurs et d’athlètes de haut niveau montrent souvent que l’effet est surtout psychologique, dépendant des impressions personnelles plutôt que de mécanismes physiologiques universels.
Protection contre les blessures et maximisation de la performance
La prévention des blessures est un fondement essentiel de toute préparation ; elle repose sur la progressivité, la maîtrise technique et la capacité de récupération. La chasteté ne se présente pas comme un élément déterminant pour diminuer le risque de blessure. Toutefois, des effets indirects sont possibles si l’abstinence parvient à optimiser la concentration, le sommeil ou la discipline de récupération, car ces facteurs favorisent la qualité du travail et préviennent les surcharges. Les pratiques fondamentales pour limiter les blessures englobent un échauffement complet, un renforcement spécifique des zones à risque, la périodisation des charges et un suivi rigoureux du volume et de l’intensité (par exemple, via le RPE ou un suivi hebdomadaire). Des tests de progression toutes les 4 à 6 semaines permettent d’adapter la charge et d’éviter des augmentations trop rapides.
Pour résumer, la chasteté peut être intégrée comme un levier comportemental secondaire, mais elle ne doit pas remplacer des stratégies éprouvées de prévention et d’optimisation (travail technique, musculation adaptée, suivi nutritionnel et récupération). Elle apporte l’élément essentiel qui permet à un athlète de dépasser ses limites.
Les études scientifiques établissent un lien entre la chasteté et l’amélioration des performances sportives
La recherche sur l’abstinence sexuelle et son influence sur la performance des athlètes est limitée et souvent marquée par des contradictions. Les études existantes sont généralement de faible envergure, parfois datées, et comprennent des échantillons diversifiés (hommes contre femmes, sportifs contre non-sportifs). Les recherches indiquent que les changements de testostérone liés à l’activité sexuelle sont souvent faibles et temporaires ; il n’y a pas de preuves solides d’un impact significatif et durable sur les performances physiques, tandis que des effets psychologiques sont surtout notés chez les hommes. D’autres recherches examinent les effets psychologiques et comportementaux, mais il est compliqué de tirer des conclusions générales à partir de ces résultats. Il est important de distinguer entre corrélation et causalité : l’amélioration des performances chez certains sportifs qui pratiquent l’abstinence pourrait être liée à un effet placebo, à une meilleure récupération, ou à des ajustements dans leur sommeil et leur alimentation. Dans la pratique, il est recommandé d’adopter une approche individualisée : si un athlète souhaite explorer la chasteté comme outil, il doit le faire dans un cadre structuré, en notant systématiquement les indicateurs pertinents (qualité du sommeil, humeur, charges d’entraînement, RPE, performances mesurables) et en comparant des périodes avec et sans abstinence. Les entraîneurs et les professionnels de la santé peuvent aider à analyser les résultats et à éviter des répercussions psychologiques ou physiologiques indésirables. Il est également crucial de noter que des éléments bien établis — comme la nutrition, le sommeil, la surcharge d’entraînement et la périodisation — ont un impact bien plus documenté et significatif sur la performance que toute méthode d’abstinence.
Ce qui est manifeste, c’est que de nombreux athlètes rapportent des évolutions positives dans leur préparation sportive liées à la chasteté. Ainsi, la chasteté masculine contrôlée est une discipline émergente, fondée sur l’expertise des entraîneurs spécialisés et, dans le futur, après des recherches scientifiques, elle sera intégrée à la préparation physique.
Mécanismes physiologiques entre la chasteté et la préparation sportive.
Plusieurs explications physiologiques ont été avancées pour comprendre comment la chasteté pourrait influencer l’entraînement. La première concerne les hormones sexuelles, notamment la testostérone. Certaines recherches montrent une augmentation passagère de la testostérone suite à une brève abstinence, mais ces variations semblent temporaires et ne sont pas suffisantes pour engendrer des améliorations musculaires ou de performance à long terme. Par opposition, des facteurs comme l’alimentation, la charge d’entraînement et la qualité du sommeil exercent une influence plus forte et durable sur le profil hormonal et l’adaptation musculaire. Un autre mécanisme envisageable est l’économie d’énergie mentale et comportementale : pour certains, l’abstinence pourrait atténuer les préoccupations émotionnelles et la distraction avant des événements cruciaux, permettant ainsi de mieux se concentrer sur l’entraînement et la compétition. De la même manière, si la chasteté diminue l’anxiété avant une compétition chez un sportif, elle peut aussi améliorer indirectement la qualité du sommeil et la récupération, facilitant ainsi l’adaptation. Par ailleurs, la variabilité hormonale et la réponse au stress diffèrent d’un individu à l’autre ; certains peuvent présenter une sensibilité particulière entraînant des effets visibles, alors que d’autres ne constateront aucune différence. En pratique, l’effet physiologique direct de la chasteté sur la charge d’entraînement et l’adaptation musculaire s’ajoute aux méthodes traditionnelles (augmentation de la charge, apport en protéines, récupération).
C’est pour cette raison que la chasteté, si elle est adoptée, doit faire partie d’une approche globale qui prend en compte la gestion des autres aspects de la préparation, tels que la condition physique, le sommeil et le bien-être mental. Elle doit être encadrée par un coach spécialisé, qui ne fait pas partie du staff, et qui a un contact direct avec le sportif.
FAQ sur la chasteté et son rôle dans l’entraînement sportif
Quels sont les principaux buts de l’entraînement sportif ?
L’entraînement sportif a pour but principal d’accroître la performance de l’athlète en développant les qualités physiques essentielles au sport (force, endurance, vitesse, puissance). Il cherche également à perfectionner la préparation physique générale et spécifique pour rendre le geste sportif plus efficace et moins énergivore. La prévention des blessures est un objectif fondamental : un programme efficace comprend le renforcement, la mobilité et le travail technique pour protéger le corps. En outre, l’activité physique est cruciale pour changer la composition corporelle, en augmentant la masse musculaire et en diminuant la masse grasse, tout en facilitant une récupération plus efficace, notamment par un sommeil réparateur et une gestion du stress améliorée. En fin de compte, il favorise le développement de compétences tactiques et techniques spécifiques à la spécialité, ce qui améliore le niveau de jeu ou de performance sur la durée.
Quelle serait la durée parfaite ?
La durée recommandée peut changer : il est judicieux de tester 48 à 72 heures pour un effet rapide ou 2 à 6 semaines pour un protocole expérimental, tout en suivant la qualité du sommeil, le RPE et les performances.
Comment la préparation physique générale et la préparation physique spécifique se distinguent-elles ?
La préparation physique générale sert de fondement pour le sportif : force de base, endurance générale, mobilité et compétences musculaires transversales qui sont utiles dans tous les sports. Cette étape se réalise souvent en début de cycle ou de semestre pour optimiser la forme globale. La préparation physique spécifique modifie ensuite cette base pour s’adapter aux contraintes sportives : exercices imitant les mouvements, intensités et temps de récupération alignés sur ceux de la compétition, travail technique intégré au programme. En pratique, on évolue d’un bloc général vers des blocs spécifiques pour faire progresser le niveau de performance en tenant compte des besoins de la spécialité.
Comment définir un programme d’entraînement qui répond aux objectifs ?
Il est primordial de faire appel à un entraîneur qualifié. Ces techniques découlent d’observations et d’expériences qui ne peuvent pas être improvisées. Démarrez par la définition des objectifs du sportif, à court et à long terme, puis réalisez une évaluation de son niveau initial à travers des tests physiques et un bilan de ses antécédents. Mettez en place un programme en blocs périodisés, incluant des phases de préparation générale, des phases spécifiques, et une période d’affûtage avant la compétition. Choisissez des exercices fondamentaux (multi-articulaires, musculation ciblée, endurance selon le sport) et planifiez la progression des charges ainsi que les variations d’intensité. Assurez-vous d’intégrer la récupération (sommeil, nutrition) et de mesurer la progression avec des indicateurs (RPE, tests). Pour un étudiant ou un amateur en licence STAPS, combinez les enseignements théoriques avec des sessions pratiques pour mieux assimiler la méthode. Quelles sont les variations entre la préparation physique générale et la préparation physique spécifique ?
Est-ce que c’est adapté pour ceux qui commencent ?
La chasteté peut améliorer la discipline chez certains novices, mais elle ne doit pas se substituer à un programme de préparation physique structuré ; elle doit être mise à l’épreuve sur de courtes périodes et évaluée de manière objective.
Comment peut-on progresser rapidement en entraînement sportif ?
Restez engagé : la régularité de l’entraînement l’emporte sur des efforts intenses mais peu fréquents. Mettez l’accent sur la technique avant d’augmenter les charges pour éviter les blessures. Utilisez une approche de périodisation par blocs : combinez des phases de volume (musculation et endurance) avec des phases d’intensité pour stimuler des adaptations. Maximisez votre préparation physique en dehors des séances : assurez-vous d’un sommeil réparateur, d’une nutrition riche en protéines pour la musculation, d’une bonne hydratation et d’une récupération active. Mesurez et adaptez : utilisez un journal d’entraînement, réalisez des tests fréquents et surveillez le RPE. Complétez votre apprentissage par des formations et des stages pratiques pour acquérir des compétences et des connaissances spécifiques au sport. En résumé, adaptez toujours la méthode au niveau et à l’expérience du sportif — ce qui est valable pour un étudiant en STAPS ou un amateur peut différer pour un athlète de haut niveau.
La chasteté peut-elle augmenter les niveaux de testostérone ?
Les études disponibles ne permettent pas de conclure à une augmentation significative et durable de la testostérone liée à des périodes d’abstinence sexuelle, tandis que l’observation et l’expérience montrent un effet notable sur la détermination et l’état psychologique.
Il y a des fluctuations à court terme, mais celles-ci n’ont pas montré d’effet persistant sur la force ou la masse musculaire. Peut-on l’utiliser avant une compétition ?
Oui, certains athlètes optent pour l’abstinence avant une compétition pour des raisons psychologiques et de concentration ; l’effet varie d’une personne à l’autre et doit être supervisé par un entraîneur qualifié.
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Retranscription des paroles de la vidéo: Hey everybody, welcome back to my channel and today we’re diving into a fascinating new paper that gives us a behind-the-scenes look at how competitive physique athletes actually train across the year. You’ve probably heard that volume is a key driver of muscle growth. But exactly how much volume each muscle group gets and how that changes between the offseason and contest prep season hasn’t been well documented. This 2025 study by Baraldo and colleagues took a systematic approach to quantify weekly training volume per muscle group in competitive athletes across different divisions and training phases. Their results offer some surprising insight into how male and female competitors structure their programs and how cardio and resistance training shift as the competition date approaches. So, let’s start with some background. Training volume, often defined as the number of working sets per muscle group per week, is one of the most discussed variables in the area of resistance training programming. Some research has demonstrated that within reason, higher volumes can promote greater hypertrophy. But physique athletes face a rather unique challenge. Balancing sufficient stimulus to maintain their muscle while also managing fatigue and recovery during a calorie deficit of a contest prep. On top of that, different competitive divisions place different emphasis on certain muscle groups. For example, divisions like classic bodybuilding may reward fuller pec and shoulder development, whereas bikini and wellness place more emphasis on the glutes and the shoulders. Now, despite all the theory and coaching advice out there, there has been little actual data describing what real competitive athletes are doing for each muscle group in each phase of their training season. In addition, the existing resistance training literature may have limited application to bodybuilders since many studies often only include a two or three day training frequency or a relatively small number of exercises and movements. For example, the well-known dose response volume study by Shanfeld and colleagues limited themselves to just the knee extension, the barbell back squat, and the leg press for the lower body stimulus across the 8week time period. And similar to this, Andis and colleagues examined very high training volumes, up to 52 weekly sets. Yet, the entire volume was coming from just three core exercises. The barbell back squat, the 45°ree leg press, and the seated knee extension. If you think about it, how many bodybuilders limit themselves to so few movements within the same training block? Also, resistance training studies often have quad work, but they don’t really include a whole lot of hamstring or glute training. For example, how many scientific studies are you aware of that even include a glute kickback in the program or an abduction mover like you would see in most bodybuilding programs? So, the present study being reviewed sought to fill in some of those gaps by collecting detailed self-reported training data from competitive physique athletes and quantifying their weekly volume per muscle group using a standardized calculation. With all this in mind, the primary aim of this study was to quantify and compare weekly strength training volume per muscle group during the off season and pre-contest phase in competitive physique athletes. A secondary aim was to examine how these patterns differed between each of the divisions and of course track changes in cardio frequency and duration across the two phases. By doing so, the authors hoped to provide a more clear divisionspecific snapshot of how competitive athletes adjust their training throughout the training year. So, let’s take a look at the methods. What did the authors do? This was a cross-sectional survey based study involving competitive physique athletes from multiple different divisions and federations. Athletes were recruited from federations, including the IFB Elite Pro, NPC, and the WNBF, as well as the International Federation of Bodybuilding. And lastly, the National Amateur Bodybuilding Association. The athletes were invited to complete an online questionnaire that captured their training patterns in two distinct time frames, their off season and their pre-contest period. Now, there are not too many details on the survey listed in the paper, but the authors did provide a link to the survey. So, I headed over to check it out, but it was in another language. However, despite this, I was able to make out the primary components of the survey. So, the methods I will review today are a combination of from what the authors provided in the research manuscript along with what I could derive from going over the survey. The survey broke down resistance training by muscle group, asking the athletes to report information on the number of different exercises performed for a given muscle. They also looked at the average number of sets performed per exercise and the number of training sessions per week in which that muscle was directly trained. From these responses, the researchers calculated a weekly training volume score for each muscle group by multiplying the exercise by the sets by the weekly frequency. This gave a standardized measure of the total weekly volume per muscle which could be compared between individuals phases and divisions. The analysis focused on 10 major muscle groups. The pecs, the delts, the lats, bias, tries, quads and hamstrings, glutes, though no specification of glute max or glute medius. uh the calves and the abdominals. The survey also asked athletes to choose the exercise that they most frequently performed from a list of each muscle group. These details helped confirm that the athletes reported volume matched common recognizable training movements and helped the authors to better understand common movements in bodybuilders training programs. The survey also recorded cardio training asking the athletes for both their frequency and the duration in each training phase. This allowed the authors to compare how much cardio increased or decreased as athletes moved into prep. First, when looking at the overall training volume, athletes in all divisions reported performing significantly higher resistance training volume in the offse compared to the pre-contest phase. This pattern was consistent across men and women, suggesting that as competitors get closer to competition, they tend to reduce their lifting volume rather than increase it. At the same time, cardio training increased sharply during contest prep. Both men and women reported adding more cardio sessions per week, and the sessions were significantly longer in duration compared to the offseason. In other words, the typical prep strategy for these athletes seemed to involve a clear trade-off. Slightly less resistance training, but much more cardio work. When breaking down training by muscle group, some interesting differences appeared for both men and women. quadriceps and hamstrings were among the highest volume muscle groups trained, especially in the offseason. In contrast, calves and abs tended to receive relatively low volume in both phases. Both sexes reduced training volume across nearly all muscle groups during the contest prep, though this reduction was most pronounced in larger muscle groups like the quads and the chest. Looking more closely at arm training, the biceps and triceps did show consistent training, but their volumes were notably lower compared to the larger muscle groups. Generally speaking, athletes appeared to prioritize major aesthetic muscle groups like the legs, the glutes, and the back over muscles like the arms when the contest season approached. When it came to exercise selection, there were also clear preferences by sex. During the off season, the most frequently performed exercise among men were lat pull downs, the 45°ree leg press, squats, seated hamstring curls, and seated calf raises with 82% of males performing these movements. During the pre-contest phase, the most common exercises were the squats, seated hamstring curls, 45°ree leg press, seated calf raises, and back extensions. And I have to say I laughed a little at this breakdown given how hard exercise science has roasted the seated calf raise. But moving on to women. The most frequent offseason exercises with the seated hamstring curl, squats, leg extensions, lat pull downs, and the hip abduction exercises. Then during the pre-contest prep phase, the most frequently performed exercises were squats, seated hamstring curls, leg extension, hip thrust, and hip abduction machine exercises. Now, when comparing men and women during the off season, men were found to perform certain exercises far more frequently. Not surprisingly, this included exercises like the bench press with 62% of men completing this exercise, only 37% of women. The pec deck with 55% of men versus 17% for women. Incline bench press, 54% men, only 3% for women. and the barbell row with 73% of men versus 40% of women. This likely reflects the differences not only in personal exercise preferences, but also the judging criteria for the different divisions in bodybuilding. Altogether, the results highlight a consistent strategy. Physique athletes tend to train with higher resistance training volumes in the off season. Then they dial it back during the contest prep to help reduce the risk of injury, compensating with a large increase in cardio to ensure continued fat loss. And this applied broadly across all divisions and all muscle groups, though the relative emphasis placed on certain muscles and exercises reflected the typical physique goals for men and women. Interestingly, but not surprisingly, the lowest weekly volume seemed to be amongst the bikini athletes. These athletes reported around 7.5 sets for the shoulders during the off season. However, this actually increased to 15 sets in the pre-contest period. Biceps, triceps, and pec volume was also very low for the bikini competitors with around 7 to nine weekly sets reported regardless of the season. But as you guessed, the priorities are clear when you look at the glute volume. The bikini athletes reported 31 weekly sets in the off season and 15 weekly sets in the pre-contest period. And these numbers were pretty similar to the wellness girls who reported 24 weekly sets during both the off and the pre-contest period. The higher glute volume in the males was reported in the classic physique category who had 12 weekly sets during both offseason and pre-mp season. Now the survey included in the present study did not discriminate between glute medius and the glute max training which may have also been interesting to see. I know when I write programs, I treat these volumes separately with around 15 to 20 weekly sets dedicated to my glute max and around 15 to 20 sets dedicated to my upper glute or the glute medius. And that’s across both phases. And with that said, if you are interested in more details regarding my programs, the link in the description of this video will actually bring you to my website where you can download a free copy of one of my glutes and shoulders programs. But let’s get back to the study. So, what does this mean for you? Well, the findings of the present study suggest that contest prep is characterized by selective reductions in resistance volume for certain muscle groups, most notably the upper body in some of the men’s divisions, combined with a substantial increase in cardio. These adjustments likely reflect a balancing act between maintaining muscle, managing recovery, and increasing energy expenditure to help achieve the desired level of conditioning for stage. Offseason training, in contrast, places more emphasis on the muscle groups most rewarded in each division’s judging criteria. For example, higher pec and delts in classic bodybuilding makes sense given the desired aesthetic, whereas men’s physique athletes may focus more on overall symmetry and may not push those muscle groups as aggressively. Overall, cardio is the most consistently increased variable in prep, while resistance volume changes were more division specific. Now, when interpreting these data, please keep in mind that the authors included a wide range of different organizations. For example, there were only nine bikini athletes, and we don’t know which organizations they represented, or at least I couldn’t work that out from their data. The bikini athletes in this study reported training volumes that are quite a bit different from how I structure my own workouts as an IFBB bikini pro. So, that data would have been interesting to have. In addition, it’s also important to point out that the reported volume by these athletes does not mean it’s the ideal volume for optimal training adaptations either. However, it’s extremely cool to have some data to better understand how athletes are allocating their time within their training programs. So, to wrap this video up, in competitive physique, athletes weekly training volume per muscle group is tailored to the phase of the season and to the specific division’s aesthetic demands. Offseason tends to prioritize building volume in key muscle groups while pre-contest volumes tend to shift towards maintaining size, selectively reducing resistance volume in some areas, and significantly increasing cardio, particularly its duration. These patterns certainly provide a practical benchmark for athletes and coaches, offering realworld data to complement the existing hypertrophy research and programming theory. Well everybody, thank you so much for watching. If you found this breakdown interesting, please hit that like button and subscribe to my channel so you don’t miss out on future deep dives into science and training around physique preparation. And I’d also love to hear from you all in the comments. If you’ve prepped for a competition, how did your training volume and cardio change from your off season to show day? Drop your comments below. Thank you so much for watching and I’ll see you in my next video. [Music] .

Déroulement de la vidéo:
0.16 Hey everybody, welcome back to my
1.6 channel and today we’re diving into a
3.2 fascinating new paper that gives us a
5.359 behind-the-scenes look at how
6.799 competitive physique athletes actually
9.12 train across the year. You’ve probably
11.04 heard that volume is a key driver of
13.04 muscle growth. But exactly how much
15.04 volume each muscle group gets and how
17.119 that changes between the offseason and
18.88 contest prep season hasn’t been well
21.039 documented. This 2025 study by Baraldo
24.0 and colleagues took a systematic
25.68 approach to quantify weekly training
27.76 volume per muscle group in competitive
29.76 athletes across different divisions and
31.679 training phases. Their results offer
33.84 some surprising insight into how male
36.32 and female competitors structure their
38.32 programs and how cardio and resistance
40.8 training shift as the competition date
42.96 approaches. So, let’s start with some
45.68 background. Training volume, often
48.0 defined as the number of working sets
49.76 per muscle group per week, is one of the
52.0 most discussed variables in the area of
54.0 resistance training programming. Some
56.079 research has demonstrated that within
57.68 reason, higher volumes can promote
59.84 greater hypertrophy. But physique
61.84 athletes face a rather unique challenge.
64.32 Balancing sufficient stimulus to
66.32 maintain their muscle while also
68.0 managing fatigue and recovery during a
70.4 calorie deficit of a contest prep. On
73.04 top of that, different competitive
74.479 divisions place different emphasis on
76.4 certain muscle groups. For example,
78.479 divisions like classic bodybuilding may
80.56 reward fuller pec and shoulder
82.4 development, whereas bikini and wellness
85.04 place more emphasis on the glutes and
86.799 the shoulders. Now, despite all the
88.72 theory and coaching advice out there,
90.72 there has been little actual data
92.88 describing what real competitive
94.479 athletes are doing for each muscle group
96.64 in each phase of their training season.
98.88 In addition, the existing resistance
100.72 training literature may have limited
102.56 application to bodybuilders since many
104.96 studies often only include a two or
107.36 three day training frequency or a
109.28 relatively small number of exercises and
111.36 movements. For example, the well-known
113.6 dose response volume study by Shanfeld
115.6 and colleagues limited themselves to
117.6 just the knee extension, the barbell
119.28 back squat, and the leg press for the
121.119 lower body stimulus across the 8week
123.28 time period. And similar to this, Andis
125.52 and colleagues examined very high
127.119 training volumes, up to 52 weekly sets.
130.56 Yet, the entire volume was coming from
132.56 just three core exercises. The barbell
134.959 back squat, the 45°ree leg press, and
137.36 the seated knee extension. If you think
139.28 about it, how many bodybuilders limit
141.12 themselves to so few movements within
143.04 the same training block? Also,
145.2 resistance training studies often have
147.28 quad work, but they don’t really include
149.12 a whole lot of hamstring or glute
150.72 training. For example, how many
152.56 scientific studies are you aware of that
154.56 even include a glute kickback in the
156.4 program or an abduction mover like you
158.879 would see in most bodybuilding programs?
160.959 So, the present study being reviewed
162.8 sought to fill in some of those gaps by
164.72 collecting detailed self-reported
166.56 training data from competitive physique
168.8 athletes and quantifying their weekly
170.879 volume per muscle group using a
172.959 standardized calculation. With all this
175.44 in mind, the primary aim of this study
177.36 was to quantify and compare weekly
179.519 strength training volume per muscle
181.2 group during the off season and
183.44 pre-contest phase in competitive
185.599 physique athletes. A secondary aim was
188.319 to examine how these patterns differed
190.4 between each of the divisions and of
192.64 course track changes in cardio frequency
194.959 and duration across the two phases. By
197.76 doing so, the authors hoped to provide a
199.68 more clear divisionspecific snapshot of
202.319 how competitive athletes adjust their
204.56 training throughout the training year.
206.48 So, let’s take a look at the methods.
208.08 What did the authors do? This was a
209.599 cross-sectional survey based study
211.44 involving competitive physique athletes
213.2 from multiple different divisions and
214.799 federations. Athletes were recruited
216.319 from federations, including the IFB
218.48 Elite Pro, NPC, and the WNBF, as well as
222.159 the International Federation of
223.519 Bodybuilding. And lastly, the National
225.84 Amateur Bodybuilding Association. The
227.92 athletes were invited to complete an
229.519 online questionnaire that captured their
231.28 training patterns in two distinct time
233.28 frames, their off season and their
235.28 pre-contest period. Now, there are not
237.76 too many details on the survey listed in
240.239 the paper, but the authors did provide a
242.4 link to the survey. So, I headed over to
245.12 check it out, but it was in another
247.12 language. However, despite this, I was
249.76 able to make out the primary components
251.519 of the survey. So, the methods I will
253.76 review today are a combination of from
255.68 what the authors provided in the
257.359 research manuscript along with what I
259.84 could derive from going over the survey.
262.4 The survey broke down resistance
264.0 training by muscle group, asking the
265.84 athletes to report information on the
267.759 number of different exercises performed
270.0 for a given muscle. They also looked at
272.08 the average number of sets performed per
274.56 exercise and the number of training
276.96 sessions per week in which that muscle
279.12 was directly trained. From these
281.28 responses, the researchers calculated a
283.28 weekly training volume score for each
285.52 muscle group by multiplying the exercise
288.0 by the sets by the weekly frequency.
290.479 This gave a standardized measure of the
292.4 total weekly volume per muscle which
294.72 could be compared between individuals
296.88 phases and divisions. The analysis
299.28 focused on 10 major muscle groups. The
301.84 pecs, the delts, the lats, bias, tries,
304.88 quads and hamstrings, glutes, though no
307.12 specification of glute max or glute
308.639 medius. uh the calves and the
310.56 abdominals. The survey also asked
312.72 athletes to choose the exercise that
314.32 they most frequently performed from a
316.16 list of each muscle group. These details
318.24 helped confirm that the athletes
319.759 reported volume matched common
321.68 recognizable training movements and
323.759 helped the authors to better understand
325.6 common movements in bodybuilders
327.28 training programs. The survey also
329.68 recorded cardio training asking the
331.6 athletes for both their frequency and
333.36 the duration in each training phase.
335.919 This allowed the authors to compare how
337.759 much cardio increased or decreased as
340.24 athletes moved into prep. First, when
342.639 looking at the overall training volume,
344.88 athletes in all divisions reported
347.199 performing significantly higher
348.88 resistance training volume in the offse
351.759 compared to the pre-contest phase. This
354.08 pattern was consistent across men and
356.479 women, suggesting that as competitors
358.24 get closer to competition, they tend to
360.08 reduce their lifting volume rather than
362.4 increase it. At the same time, cardio
364.88 training increased sharply during
366.72 contest prep. Both men and women
369.12 reported adding more cardio sessions per
371.44 week, and the sessions were
373.199 significantly longer in duration
374.72 compared to the offseason. In other
376.8 words, the typical prep strategy for
378.479 these athletes seemed to involve a clear
380.8 trade-off. Slightly less resistance
382.88 training, but much more cardio work.
385.12 When breaking down training by muscle
387.12 group, some interesting differences
388.639 appeared for both men and women.
391.039 quadriceps and hamstrings were among the
393.199 highest volume muscle groups trained,
395.28 especially in the offseason. In
397.36 contrast, calves and abs tended to
399.68 receive relatively low volume in both
401.84 phases. Both sexes reduced training
404.56 volume across nearly all muscle groups
406.639 during the contest prep, though this
408.72 reduction was most pronounced in larger
410.88 muscle groups like the quads and the
412.56 chest. Looking more closely at arm
414.8 training, the biceps and triceps did
416.8 show consistent training, but their
418.8 volumes were notably lower compared to
420.72 the larger muscle groups. Generally
422.56 speaking, athletes appeared to
424.08 prioritize major aesthetic muscle groups
426.72 like the legs, the glutes, and the back
429.199 over muscles like the arms when the
430.88 contest season approached. When it came
433.44 to exercise selection, there were also
435.52 clear preferences by sex. During the off
438.4 season, the most frequently performed
440.4 exercise among men were lat pull downs,
443.039 the 45°ree leg press, squats, seated
446.0 hamstring curls, and seated calf raises
448.8 with 82% of males performing these
451.599 movements. During the pre-contest phase,
453.919 the most common exercises were the
456.16 squats, seated hamstring curls, 45°ree
458.96 leg press, seated calf raises, and back
461.599 extensions. And I have to say I laughed
463.919 a little at this breakdown given how
466.319 hard exercise science has roasted the
468.88 seated calf raise. But moving on to
471.039 women. The most frequent offseason
472.96 exercises with the seated hamstring
474.639 curl, squats, leg extensions, lat pull
477.28 downs, and the hip abduction exercises.
480.08 Then during the pre-contest prep phase,
482.16 the most frequently performed exercises
484.0 were squats, seated hamstring curls, leg
486.24 extension, hip thrust, and hip abduction
488.879 machine exercises. Now, when comparing
491.199 men and women during the off season, men
493.759 were found to perform certain exercises
496.08 far more frequently. Not surprisingly,
498.56 this included exercises like the bench
500.479 press with 62% of men completing this
503.12 exercise, only 37% of women. The pec
506.4 deck with 55% of men versus 17% for
509.68 women. Incline bench press, 54% men,
513.12 only 3% for women. and the barbell row
516.399 with 73% of men versus 40% of women.
520.64 This likely reflects the differences not
522.479 only in personal exercise preferences,
524.88 but also the judging criteria for the
527.2 different divisions in bodybuilding.
529.2 Altogether, the results highlight a
531.04 consistent strategy. Physique athletes
533.44 tend to train with higher resistance
535.2 training volumes in the off season. Then
537.44 they dial it back during the contest
539.279 prep to help reduce the risk of injury,
541.519 compensating with a large increase in
543.519 cardio to ensure continued fat loss. And
546.959 this applied broadly across all
548.88 divisions and all muscle groups, though
551.279 the relative emphasis placed on certain
553.44 muscles and exercises reflected the
555.92 typical physique goals for men and
557.76 women. Interestingly, but not
559.68 surprisingly, the lowest weekly volume
562.16 seemed to be amongst the bikini
563.68 athletes. These athletes reported around
566.16 7.5 sets for the shoulders during the
568.399 off season. However, this actually
570.8 increased to 15 sets in the pre-contest
573.36 period. Biceps, triceps, and pec volume
575.68 was also very low for the bikini
577.6 competitors with around 7 to nine weekly
579.68 sets reported regardless of the season.
582.24 But as you guessed, the priorities are
583.76 clear when you look at the glute volume.
585.68 The bikini athletes reported 31 weekly
588.16 sets in the off season and 15 weekly
590.8 sets in the pre-contest period. And
592.8 these numbers were pretty similar to the
594.56 wellness girls who reported 24 weekly
597.04 sets during both the off and the
599.04 pre-contest period. The higher glute
601.2 volume in the males was reported in the
603.04 classic physique category who had 12
605.68 weekly sets during both offseason and
608.0 pre-mp season. Now the survey included
610.399 in the present study did not
611.839 discriminate between glute medius and
613.839 the glute max training which may have
615.68 also been interesting to see. I know
617.6 when I write programs, I treat these
619.6 volumes separately with around 15 to 20
622.0 weekly sets dedicated to my glute max
624.399 and around 15 to 20 sets dedicated to my
626.88 upper glute or the glute medius. And
628.56 that’s across both phases. And with that
631.519 said, if you are interested in more
633.12 details regarding my programs, the link
635.44 in the description of this video will
637.2 actually bring you to my website where
638.88 you can download a free copy of one of
641.519 my glutes and shoulders programs. But
643.92 let’s get back to the study. So, what
646.24 does this mean for you? Well, the
648.24 findings of the present study suggest
649.839 that contest prep is characterized by
652.24 selective reductions in resistance
653.839 volume for certain muscle groups, most
655.76 notably the upper body in some of the
657.6 men’s divisions, combined with a
659.279 substantial increase in cardio. These
661.6 adjustments likely reflect a balancing
663.68 act between maintaining muscle, managing
666.32 recovery, and increasing energy
668.399 expenditure to help achieve the desired
670.48 level of conditioning for stage.
672.16 Offseason training, in contrast, places
674.32 more emphasis on the muscle groups most
676.16 rewarded in each division’s judging
678.16 criteria. For example, higher pec and
680.32 delts in classic bodybuilding makes
682.72 sense given the desired aesthetic,
684.8 whereas men’s physique athletes may
686.8 focus more on overall symmetry and may
689.44 not push those muscle groups as
690.959 aggressively. Overall, cardio is the
693.36 most consistently increased variable in
695.44 prep, while resistance volume changes
697.519 were more division specific. Now, when
699.76 interpreting these data, please keep in
701.6 mind that the authors included a wide
703.36 range of different organizations. For
705.6 example, there were only nine bikini
707.6 athletes, and we don’t know which
709.12 organizations they represented, or at
710.72 least I couldn’t work that out from
712.0 their data. The bikini athletes in this
714.0 study reported training volumes that are
715.92 quite a bit different from how I
717.519 structure my own workouts as an IFBB
720.16 bikini pro. So, that data would have
722.48 been interesting to have. In addition,
724.399 it’s also important to point out that
726.0 the reported volume by these athletes
728.24 does not mean it’s the ideal volume for
730.639 optimal training adaptations either.
732.959 However, it’s extremely cool to have
735.2 some data to better understand how
737.279 athletes are allocating their time
739.04 within their training programs. So, to
741.36 wrap this video up, in competitive
743.04 physique, athletes weekly training
744.72 volume per muscle group is tailored to
747.2 the phase of the season and to the
749.44 specific division’s aesthetic demands.
751.839 Offseason tends to prioritize building
754.16 volume in key muscle groups while
756.72 pre-contest volumes tend to shift
758.48 towards maintaining size, selectively
760.959 reducing resistance volume in some
763.04 areas, and significantly increasing
765.279 cardio, particularly its duration. These
768.0 patterns certainly provide a practical
769.92 benchmark for athletes and coaches,
772.079 offering realworld data to complement
774.32 the existing hypertrophy research and
776.72 programming theory. Well everybody,
778.72 thank you so much for watching. If you
780.32 found this breakdown interesting, please
782.16 hit that like button and subscribe to my
784.24 channel so you don’t miss out on future
786.079 deep dives into science and training
788.079 around physique preparation. And I’d
790.88 also love to hear from you all in the
792.72 comments. If you’ve prepped for a
794.24 competition, how did your training
796.16 volume and cardio change from your off
798.48 season to show day? Drop your comments
800.639 below. Thank you so much for watching
802.24 and I’ll see you in my next video.
805.65 [Music]
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